Balangkas ng Sulat
- Pagbati/Address 1:1-7
- PasasalaMatthew 1:8-15
- Katawan ng Sulat
- Ang Ebanghelyo ng Kaligtasan sa Pananampalataya kay Kristo 1:16-8:39
- Ang Kalagayan ng mga Judio 9-11
- Ang Tungkuling Kristiyano 12:1-15:13
- Pagtatapos
- Ang mga gawa ni Pablo at mga gagawin pa 15:14-33
- Bilin tungkol kay Phoebe 16:1-2
- Pagbati sa mga kilala ni Pablo sa Roma 16:3-16
- Bilin tungkol sa mga nanggugulo 16:17-20
- Pagbati mula sa Korinto 16:21-24
- Pangwakas na Papuri 16:25-27
Ang Katawan ng Sulat ni Pablo sa mga Taga-Roma ay may tatlong bahagi. Sa 1:16-8:39 ay ipinapaliwanag niya ang kaligtasang ginawa ng Diyos kay Kristo Jesus. Ang mga kabanata 9 – 11 naman ay ang pagninilay ni Pablo sa kalagayan ng mga Judio na hindi tumanggap sa ebanghelyo. Ang huling mga kabanata (12:1-15:3) ay mga praktikal na payo sa pamumuhay Kristiyano. Ating bibigyan ng diin ang unang bahagi upang mas lalo nating maunawaan ang turo ni Pablo tungkol sa Batas ni Moyses at ang biyaya ng Diyos na ipinakita kay Kristo na nabasa na natin sa sulat sa mga taga-Galacia.
Balangkas ng Sulat sa mga taga-Roma 1-8
- Ang lahat ng tao — Judio man o Hentil — ay nasa ilalim ng galit ng Diyos pagka’t silang lahat ay nagkasala. Dahil dito silang lahat ay patungo sa kamatayan
- Thesis: Ang taong matuwid ay mabubuhay sa pananampalataya (Ab. 2:4) 1:16-17
- Lahat ay nagkasala at dapat na mamatay 1:18-3:20
- Nguni’t ipinakilala ng Diyos ang kanyang Katarungan/Katuwiran (dikaiosyne) sa pamamagitan ni Kristo
- Ang Katarungan/Katuwiran ng Diyos at Pananampalataya 3:21-31
- Si AbrahAmos 4:1-17
- Ang Pananampalataya ni Abraham at ng Kristiyano 4:18-25
- Ang Pagwawalang-sala sa Dugo ni Kristo 5:1-8:39
- Inihandog ni Kristo ang kanyang buhay para sa atin nang tayo’y mga kaaway pa ng DiyHosea 5:1-19
- Nang tayo’y binyagan, namatay na tayo sa kasalanan at sa Batas
- Thesis: Kung paanong ang kasalanan ay naghari sa kamatayan, gayun di’y sa kagandahang-loob ng Diyos ay naghari ang buhay sa pamamagitan ni Kristo 5:20-21
- Sa ating binyag, nakiisa tayo sa kamatayan ni Kristo:
- Malaya na tayo sa kasalanan na walang dulot kungdi kamatayan 6:1-23
- Malaya na rin tayo sa Batas na walang kakayahang ibigay ang kapangyarihang tumalima sa kalooban ng DiyHosea 7:1-25
- Sa ating binyag ay ibinuhos sa atin ang Espiritu upang magsimula tayo mamuhay ayon sa Katuwiran (dikaiosyne), at bilang mga Anak ng DiyHosea 8:1-27
- Pagwawakas: Ang Malaking Pag-ibig ng Diyos sa Atin 8:28-39
Mga Dapat Bigyan ng Pansin
- Sa sulat na ito ay ginamit ni Pablo ang “diatribe”, isang estilo ng retorika na kung saan ang isang ideya ay binibigyan ng linaw sa pamamagitan ng tanong-sagot. Makikita ito, halimbawa, sa tanong-sagot sa 6:1-3; 6:15
- Ang mga salitang “laman” at “espiritu” ay kadalasang inuunawa na para bang mga bahagi ito ng tao: “laman” ay katulad ng “katawan” at mga pita nito, samantalang ang “espiritu” naman ay tulad ng “kaluluwa”. Sa totoo, ang mga ito ay nagpapahiwatig ng dalawang direksyon ng buhay: ang “laman” ay papalayo sa Diyos (= ang hindi pagtalima sa Diyos), samantalang ang “espiritu” ay patungo sa Diyos (= pagtalima sa Diyos).
- Ang salitang Griyego na “dikaiosyne” ay maraming katumbas sa Tagalog. Maaari itong isalin ng “katuwiran” (pagiging matuwid — tingnan ang Ab 2:4 — , hindi ang “katuwiran” na sa Inggles ay “reason”) o “katarungan” o “pagwawalang-sala” (“justify”, “to pronounce ‘not guilty’”) o “kawalang-sala”. Sa sulat sa mga taga-Roma, ang katarungan ng Diyos ay ang kanyang awa sa tao na ipinakita niya sa paghahandog ng kanyang bugtong na Anak sa krus.
- Ang sulat sa mga taga-Roma 1-8 ay ating binabasa sa Kapistahan ng Pentekostes na sa mga Judio ay kapistahan ng pagbibigay sa kanila ng Batas ni Moyses. Para sa mga Kristiyano, ang Pentekostes ay pagdiriwang ng pagbibigay ng Banal na Espiritu. Ang magkaibang kahulugan ng Pentekostes para sa mga Judio at mga Kristiyano ay nagpapakita rin ng pagkakaiba ng prospektiba ng mga pananampalatayang ito tungkol sa Handog ng Diyos sa tao.
Mga Dapat Gawin
1. Pag-aralang muli ang sulat sa mga taga-Galacia at ihambing ang mga nilalaman nito sa Roma 1-8
- ano ang kahalagahan ng Batas ni Moyses sa kasaysayan ng kaligtasan?
- ano ang kalayaan ng Kristiyano?
- anong mga halimbawa ang ginamit ni Pablo para ipaliwanag na ang Batas ni Moyses ay hindi kailangan para sa kaligtasan?
2. Pumili ng isang tema sa mga sumusunod at maging handang ipaliwanag ito sa klase (isulat muna sa papel ang temang napili upang kung hindi man maipaliwanag sa klase ay mai-sa-submit naman sa akin):
(a) Ang bautismo ayon sa Roma 1-8
(b) Ang kahulugan ng Krus ni Kristo para sa kasaysayan ng kaligtasan ayon sa sulat sa mga taga-Galacia at Roma 1-8
(c) Ang pag-gamit ni Pablo ng mga sitas mula sa Lumang Tipan sa sulat sa mga taga-Galacia
(d) Ang pag-gamit ni Pablo ng mga sitas mula sa Lumang Tipan sa sulat sa mga taga-Roma 1-8
*Mahalaga: Sa mga letrang c at d kailangang
- Gumawa ng listahan ng mga sitas ng LT na ginamit ni Pablo
- Ipaliwanag ang mga ito sa kanilang konteksto
- Ipaliwanag kung paanong ginamit ni Pablo ang mga ito sa pagpapaliwanag
8And Asa begot Josaphat. And Josaphat begot Joram. And Joram begot Ozias.
9And Ozias begot Joatham. And Joatham begot Achaz. And Achaz begot Ezechias.
10And Ezechias begot Manasses. And Manesses begot Amon. And Amon begot Josias.
11And Josias begot Jechonias and his brethren in the transmigration of Babylon.
12And after the transmigration of Babylon, Jechonias begot Salathiel. And Salathiel begot Zorobabel.
13And Zorobabel begot Abiud. And Abiud begot Eliacim. And Eliacim begot Azor.
14And Azor begot Sadoc. And Sadoc begot Achim. And Achim begot Eliud.
15And Eliud begot Eleazar. And Eleazar begot Mathan. And Mathan begot Jacob.
1Hear this word, ye fat kine that are in the mountains of Samaria: you that oppress the needy, and crush the poor: that say to your masters: Bring, and we will drink.
2The Lord God hath sworn by his holiness, that lo, the days shall come upon you, when they shall lift you up on pikes, and what shall remain of you in boiling pots.
3And you shall go out at the breaches one over against the other, and you shall be cast forth into Armon, saith the Lord.
4Come ye to Bethel, and do wickedly: to Galgal, and multiply transgressions: and bring in the morning your victims, your tithes in three days.
5And offer a sacrifice of praise with leaven: and call free offerings, and proclaim it: for so you would do, O children of Israel, saith the Lord God.
6Whereupon I also have given you dulness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places: yet you have not returned to me, saith the Lord.
7I also have withholden the rain from you, when there were yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon: and the piece whereupon I rained not, withered.
8And two and three cities went to one city to drink water, and were not filled: yet you returned not to me, saith the Lord.
9I struck you with a burning wind, and with mildew, the palmerworm hath eaten up your many gardens, and your vineyards: your olive groves, and fig groves: yet you returned not to me, saith the Lord.
10I sent death upon you in the way of Egypt, I slew your young men with the sword, even to the captivity of your horses: and I made the stench of your camp to come up into your nostrils: yet you returned not to me, saith the Lord.
11I destroyed some of you, as God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrha, and you were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning: yet you returned not to me, saith the Lord.
12Therefore I will do these things to thee, O Israel: and after I shall have done these things to thee, be prepared to meet thy God, O Israel.
13For behold he that formeth the mountains and createth the wind, and declareth his word to man, he that maketh the morning mist, and walketh upon the high places of the earth: the Lord the God of hosts is his name.
1Hear ye this, O priests, and hearken, O ye house of Israel, and give ear, O house of the king: for there is a judgment against you, because you have been a snare to them whom you should have watched over, and a net spread upon Thabor.
2And you have turned aside victims into the depth: and I am, the teacher of them all.
3I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now Ephraim hath committed fornication, Israel is defiled.
4They will not set their thoughts to return to their God: for the spirit of fornication is in the midst of them, and they have not known the Lord.
5And the pride of Israel shall answer in his face: and Israel and Ephraim shall fall in their iniquity, Juda also shall fall with them.
6With their flocks, and with their herds, they shall go to seek the Lord, and shall not find him: he is withdrawn from them.
7They have transgressed against the Lord, for they have begotten children that are strangers: now shall a month devour them with their portions.
8Blow ye the cornet in Gabaa, the trumpet in Rama: howl ye in Bethaven, behind thy back, O Benjamin.
9Ephraim shall be in desolation in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel I have shewn that which shall surely be.
10The princes of Juda are become as they that take up the bound: I will pour out my wrath upon them like water.
11Ephraim is under oppression, and broken in judgment: because he began to go after filthiness.
12And I will be like a moth to Ephraim: and like rottenness to the house of Juda.
13And Ephraim saw his sickness, and Juda his band: and Ephraim went to the Assyrian, and sent to the avenging king: and he shall not be able to heal you, neither shall he be able to take off the band from you.
14For I will be like a lioness to Ephraim, and like a lion's whelp to the house of Juda: I, I will catch, and go: I will take away, and there is none that can rescue.
15I will go and return to my place: until you are consumed, and seek my face.
1When I would have healed Israel, the iniquity of Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria, for they have committed falsehood, and the thief is come in to steal, the robber is without.
2And lest they may say in their hearts, that I remember all their wickedness: their own devices now have beset them about, they have been done before my face.
3They have made the king glad with their wickedness: and the princes with their lies.
4They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by the baker: the city rested a little from the mingling of the leaven, till the whole was leavened.
5The day of our king, the princes began to be mad with wine: he stretched out his hand with scorners.
6Because they have applied their heart like an oven, when he laid snares for them: he slept all the night baking them, in the morning he himself was heated as a flaming fire.
7They were all heated like an oven, and have devoured their judges: all their kings have fallen: there is none amongst them that calleth unto me.
8Ephraim himself is mixed among the nations: Ephraim is become as bread baked under the ashes, that is not turned.
9Strangers have devoured his strength, and he knew it not: yea, grey hairs also are spread about upon him, and he is ignorant of it.
10And the pride of Israel shall be humbled before his face: and they have not returned to the Lord their God, nor have they sought him in all these.
11And Ephraim is become as a dove that is decoyed, not having a heart: they called upon Egypt, they went to the Assyrians.
12And when they shall go, I will spread my net upon them: I will bring them down as the fowl of the air, I will strike them as their congregation hath heard.
13Woe to them, for they have departed from me: they shall be wasted because they have transgressed against me: and I redeemed them: and they have spoken lies against me.
14And they have not cried to me with their heart, but they howled in their beds: they have thought upon wheat and wine, they are departed from me.
15And I have chastised them, and strengthened their arms: and they have imagined evil against me.
16They returned, that they might be without yoke: they became like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword, for the rage of their tongue. This is their derision in the land of Egypt.
1Let there be a trumpet in thy throat like an eagle upon the house of the Lord: because they have transgressed my covenant, and have violated my law.
2They shall call upon me: O my God, we, Israel, know thee.
3Israel hath cast off the thing that is good, the enemy shall pursue him.
4They have reigned, but not by me: they have been princes, and I knew not: of their silver, and their gold they have made idols to themselves, that they might perish.
5Thy calf, O Samaria, is cast off, my wrath is kindled against them. How long will they be incapable of being cleansed?
6For itself also is the invention of Israel: a workman made it, and it is no god: for the calf of Samaria shall be turned to spiders' webs.
7For they shall sow wind, and reap a whirlwind, there is no standing stalk in it, the bud shall yield no meal; and if it should yield, strangers shall eat it.
8Israel is swallowed up: now is he become among the nations like an unclean vessel.
9For they are gone up to Assyria, a wild ass alone by himself: Ephraim hath given gifts to his lovers.
10But even though they shall have hired the nations, now will I gather them together: and they shall rest a while from the burden of the king, and the princes.
11Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin: altars are become to him unto sin.
12I shall write to him my manifold laws, which have been accounted as foreign.
13They shall offer victims, they shall sacrifice flesh, and shall eat it, and the Lord will not receive them: now will he remember their iniquity, and will visit their sins: they shall return to Egypt.
14And Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and hath built temples: and Juda hath built many fenced cities: and I will send a fire upon his cities, and it shall devour the houses thereof.
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